BAe Hawk
by
SkySIM

This is the first release of the BAe Hawk T1/A
It has been licensed by the Secretary of State for Defence
to appear in Royal Air Force Aerobatic Team livery

Contents:

Aircraft Overview     Instruments     Warning System     Starting Procedure     External Stores     Display Smoke     HSI and Nav Radios     Reference Info     FAQ    

Aircraft Overview

The British Aerospace Hawk T Mk1 is a British all-metal, low wing, tandem seat flying training and weapon training aircraft. Equipment specific to the weapon training role is fitted only when the aircraft are allotted that role. The T Mk 1A is equipped to an operational standard capable of undertaking a war role; the equipment for this role is also suitable for the weapons training role.

 

Aerodynamically, the aircraft is of conventional design. The wing has moderate sweep with 2o dihedral and trailing edge double-slotted flaps. A one-piece, all-moving tailplane is swept back and has 10o dihedral.

 

The fuselage comprises three main parts. The front fuselage accommodates two equipment bays and a pressurized cabin containing two cockpits. The centre fuselage contains the engine (Rolls-Royce/Turbomeca Adour Mk151-01), a fuselage fuel tank, a Gas Turbine Starting (GTS) system and a Ram Air Turbine (RAT). The rear fuselage houses a jet pipe bay and has an airbrake hinged to its under-surface.

In 1964 the Royal Air Force specified a requirement for a new initial jet trainer to replace the Folland Gnat. The SEPCAT Jaguar was originally intended for this role, but it was soon realised that it would be too complex an aircraft for initial jet training.

Accordingly, in 1968 Hawker Siddeley began the design of a much simpler strictly subsonic trainer, the HS.1182. It was to have tandem seating and would be capable of carrying armaments, which would enable it to be used as a weapons trainer and in light combat roles. Renamed "Hawk" in 1973, the aircraft first flew on 21st August 1974.

It entered RAF service in April 1976, replacing the Gnat and Hawker Hunter in the advanced training and weapons training roles respectively. The following year Hawker Siddeley merged with other British aircraft companies to form the nationalised British Aerospace (BAe).

The most famous RAF operator of the Hawk is the Red Arrows aerobatic team, which adopted the plane in 1979. The Finnish Air Force aerobatics team, the Midnight Hawks, also uses the aircraft. The Hawk has excellent manoeuvrability, and while it is not capable of supersonic speed in level flight, it can attain Mach 1.2 in a dive, allowing trainees to experience trans-sonic handling without the cost of a supersonic trainer.

The Hawk subsequently replaced the English Electric Canberra in the target towing role and the Royal Navy acquired a dozen Hawk T Mk1/1As from the RAF, for use as aerial targets for the training of ships gunners and radar operators.

The principal specifications of the aircraft are:   

  • Span
    • 30ft 10in

  • Length
    • 39ft 3in

  • Height
    • 13ft 2in

  • Wing Area
    • 179.6 sq ft

  • Weight
    • Empty
      • 7 936 lb
    • Normal Take-Off
      • 11 100 lb
    • Max Take-Off
      • 12 556 lb

  • Engine Thrust
    • 5 200 lb static dry


Contents:

Aircraft Overview     Instruments     Warning System     Starting Procedure     External Stores     Display Smoke     HSI and Nav Radios     Reference Info     FAQ    

Instrument Overview

Front Panel

  1. Landing gear standby lowering system selector
  2. Flap standby lowering system selector
  3. Landing gear retraction selection button
  4. Landing gear lowering selection button
  5. Battery Voltmeter
  6. Landing gear unit position indicator
  7. Generator reset
  8. No 2 inverter reset
  9. No 1 inverter reset
  10. Flap position selector
  11. Flap position indicator
  12. Directional Gyro Indicator (DGI)
  13. Navigation Mode selected indicator
  14. Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI)
  15. ILS Marker indicator light
  16. Taxi switch
  17. Altimeter ground test switch
  18. Central Warning Panel (CWP)
  19. Navigation light switch
  20. Lower anti-collision light switch
  21. Upper anti-collision light switch
  22. Internal main lights switch
  23. CCS switch box
  1. Comms transceiver control panel
  2. Airbrake indicator
  3. CWS attention light
  4. Tailplane position indicator
  5. Combined speed indicator
  6. Accelerometer
  7. Turn and slip indicator
  8. Horizontal situation indicator (HSI)
  9. Attitude indicator
  10. Standby attitude indicator
  11. Main altimeter
  12. Flight instruments power switch
  13. CWS attention light
  14. RPM indicator
  15. Engine LP shaft rotation indicator
  16. Standby altimeter
  17. Air producer start indicator
  18. TGT indicator
  19. Oxygen flow indicator
  20. Cabin altimeter
  21. Fuel contents gauge
  22. Oxygen main supply contents gauge


Side Consoles

  1. Engine ignition switch
  2. Altimeter ground test switch
  3. Hydraulic system reset button
  4. Throttle grip
  5. Airbrake switch
  6. Aileron trim indicator
  7. Rudder trim indicator
  8. Engine start master switch
  9. No 1 battery switch
  10. No 2 battery switch
  11. Fuel pump switch
  12. Pitot static tube heater switch
  1. Left brake pressure gauge
  2. Right brake pressure gauge
  3. Brakes supply pressure gauge
  4. No 1 hydraulic pressure gauge
  5. No 2 hydraulic pressure gauge
  6. Com test switch
  7. Radios mute switch
  8. Audio LR switch
  9. Anti-skid switch
  10. Aileron trim switch
  11. Aileron trim switch
  12. Rudder trim switch
  1. UHF aerial selector switch
  2. VOR1 Radio
  3. VOR2 Radio
  4. External intercom switch
  5. Accident data recorder switch
  6. IFF/SSR control unit
  7. Oxygen main supply selector
  8. ILS control unit
  9. Tacan control unit
  10. Airbrake test switch



Contents:

Aircraft Overview     Instruments     Warning System     Starting Procedure     External Stores     Display Smoke     HSI and Nav Radios     Reference Info     FAQ    

Central Warning System

The system consists of:
  • two flashing "attention" red lights one on each side of the main instrument panel.
  • an audio warning device.
  • a Central Warning Panel (CWP).

A CWP is on the right panel in each cockpit; the captions and their meanings are listed below:

  •     FIRE   : Fire in the engine bay
  •     HYD    : Total hydraulics failure
  •    T6NL   : TGT or NL approx 685oC +5o minus 0o or 108% respectively
  •    C.PR   : Cabin alt exceeds 30,000ft
  •   E.OHT  : Engine LP cooling air temp exceeds approx 400oC
  •     OXY    : Low oxygen pressure
  •   START : Fire in the air producer bay
  •     GEN   : Essential services busbar 25 volts or less
  •   HYD.1  : No 1 hydraulic system pressure 41 bars or less
  •   HYD.2  : No 2 hydraulic system pressure 41 bars or less
  •  JP.OHT : Jet pipe bay temperature exceeds 150oC
  •    FUEL  : 350lb fuel remaining
  •  TRANS : Low air pressure in fuel tanks; possible loss of fuel transfer
  •    ECA    : Failure of either or both amplifier lanes or a fault in amplifier controlling circuits or TGT in excess of 780oC
  •    F.PR   : Low fuel pressure. Pressure rise across booster pump less than 0.24 bar or pressure at engine filter outlet less than 2.4 bars
  •    SKID   : ANTI SKID switch off or anti skid fault
  •      OIL    : Engine oil differential pressure below 0.7 bar
  •    AC.1   : No 1 inverter off line
  •    AC.2   : No 2 inverter off line
  •    AC.3   : No 3 inverter off line

A spring-loaded fire extinguisher button on the CWP is marked with black and yellow diagonal stripes. The button has an integral lamp which illuminates a white F on a red background in the head of the button. Pressing the button activates the engine bay fire extinguisher which is energized by common supplies from No1 and 2 Battery busbars.


A guarded 2-position TEST/ON switch is on each CWP. The switch is spring-loaded from TEST to ON; at ON DC from the Essential Services busbar is supplied to the CWS.


The two attention lights are integrally lit spring-loaded red panels, which incorporate a cancelling facility, at the top left and right corners of the centre instrument panel.


When a CWS control circuit is activated:


  • the "attention" lights flash
  • the audio warning sounds
  • the appropriate indication is lit on the CWP

To cancel the warning one of the attention lights should be pressed and the following will occur:

  • the "attention" lights go out
  • the audio warning stops
  • the appropriate emergency light remains lit for the duration of the emergency

The CWS is tested when the TEST/ON switch is held at TEST:

  • The Test button causes all indicator lights and the visual and audio warnings to operate

 

 



Contents:

Aircraft Overview     Instruments     Warning System     Starting Procedure     External Stores     Display Smoke     HSI and Nav Radios     Reference Info     FAQ    

Starting Procedure

Left Console

Battery switches..................ON
LP Cock...........................Fully ON (rear of left console)
Engine start switch...............OFF
Fuel pump switch..................On
Pitot heater switch...............Off
Trim indicators...................Normal
Ignition switch...................ON
Throttle..........................Free movement
Anti-skid switch..................Off
Standby UHF switch................MAIN
HYD 1 and 2 gauges................Condition
Brake gauges......................Check pressures

Left Instrument Panel

U/C standby handle................Not pulled
Flap standby handle...............Not pulled
Landing gear indicator.............Three greens
Voltmeter.........................23 to 24 volts
Flap selector.....................DOWN
Flap Indicator....................Check indication agrees
                                  with flap position

Main Instrument and Lower Centre Panels

DGI...............................Condition
CSI...............................Condition
Turn and slip indicator...........Condition, window black
Tailplane trim indicator..........Condition
Accelerometer.....................Reset
Main attitude indicator...........Condition, flag retracted
HSI...............................Condition, power flag retracted
ILS marker light..................Test
UHF power switch..................NORMAL
VSI...............................Zero, condition
Main altimeter....................Condition, flag retracted
Standby attitude indicator........Erect, flag retracted
Standby instruments switch........NORMAL

Right Instrument Panel

Standby altimeter.................Condition, flag retracted
Cabin altimeter...................Condition
Oxygen............................ OXY  caption out (oxygen selector - right hand console)
Fuel gauge........................Contents
TGT...............................Condition
RPM gauge.........................Zero, Condition
Rotation Indicator................Black
GTS indicator.....................Black
CWP...............................Test.
                                   HYD                   GEN

                                   HYD1           F.PR   AC1

                                   HYD2   TRANS   SKID   AC2

                                                  OIL    AC3
                                  REMAIN ON
Lighting switches.................As required
Dimmers...........................As required

Right Console

Parking brake.....................SET (rear of right console)
VHF...............................On
UHF aerial switch.................As required
Cabin conditioning................NORMAL
Cabin air temperature switch......AUTO sector, 6 o'clock approx
ADR status indicator..............FAIL
IFF/SSR...........................SBY
ILS...............................As required
Tacan.............................As required
Radio.............................As required

Pre-Start

Engine start switch...............ON
Anti-collision lights.............As required (Down=Red Mid=Off Up=White)

Starting

Engine start switch...............START and release
Throttle..........................Idle

During Start

TGT and RPM.......................Monitor.
                                  if TGT>586oC,
                                  set throttle to HP Off
At 45% RPM........................GTS and rotation indicators black

When RPM stabilised:

Fire Warnings.....................Out
RPM...............................52% approx, note reading
TGT...............................Note
 OIL   FPR  and  TRANS  captions..Out
Hydraulics........................Control response & feel normal on HYD1
Electrics......................... GEN   AC1    AC2  and  AC3  captions out.
                                  Voltmeter 27 to 29 volts
CWP...............................All captions out except  SKID 

After Start Checks

Trims.............................Zero tailplane, rudder and aileron
                                  operation in both directions
Tailplane external position.......Confirm alignment, set elevator trim to +3o
Flaps.............................Check operation. Select MID
Instruments (flight)..............Pitot heat on
                                  All warning flags clear
                                  Erect
                                  Synchronize compass
                                  Standby compass check
                                  DGI set
                                  Altimeters, set and test
Instruments (navigation)..........IFF, set XMT, test
                                  ADR black
                                  ILS as required
                                  Tacan, test
Oxygen............................Contents, valve ON,  OXY  caption out
Canopy............................Locked,
                                  safety latch engaged,
                                  arrows in line
Hydraulics........................Pressures within limits
Controls..........................Full, free, correct movement

 




Contents:

Aircraft Overview     Instruments     Warning System     Starting Procedure     External Stores     Display Smoke     HSI and Nav Radios     Reference Info     FAQ    

External Stores Operation

The Hawk comes with an option of additional weapons and stores.
To access the Payload Settings from the menu go to Aircraft > Fuel and Payload then click on Change Payload . The keyboard shortcuts are Alt > A > F > P .

To add ordnance to the wings you must first add a pylon by typing its weight figure into the box.

 



Add ordnance by typing its weight figure into the box.




Contents:

Aircraft Overview     Instruments     Warning System     Starting Procedure     External Stores     Display Smoke     HSI and Nav Radios     Reference Info     FAQ    

Display Smoke



Smoke switches are only available in the Front Cockpit and are only present when the Smoke & Dye Pod is attached to the fuselage belly.

To turn on Red smoke
click the left button

Click again to turn off

To turn on White smoke
click the centre button

To turn on Blue smoke
click the right button

(This function is allied to the 'Lights' variable so using the 'L' key on the keyboard will activate all 3 dye dispensers simultaneously)



Contents:

Aircraft Overview     Instruments     Warning System     Starting Procedure     External Stores     Display Smoke     HSI and Nav Radios     Reference Info     FAQ    

HSI and Nav Radios

An HSI on the centre panel of each cockpit, combines the compass system and radio navigational displays. The HSI is connected to either VOR1 or VOR2 by selecting the push-switch adjacent to the HSI. The HSI displays the following information:


  1. Heading
  2. Heading Index
  3. Track Index
  4. Track Counter
  5. Deviation Bar
  1. VOR Bearing
  2. VOR Range
  3. To/From Indication
  4. Glidepath Deviation Pointer
  5. Navigation Mode


 

 

For simplicity in FSX: ILS is VOR1 (NAV1) and TACAN is VOR2 (NAV2)

Whenever a frequency is dialled into NAV2 the corresponding TACAN channel will appear on the TACAN control unit.





Conversely changing the TACAN Channel will alter the NAV2 frequency.


Similarly the ILS control unit is synchronized to NAV1.

 

 

Here is a list of common TACAN frequencies in use in the UK, whilst not exhaustive this

should suffice for FS useage.

 

Airfield

TACAN

CODE

FREQ

Boscombe Down

19X

BDN

108.2

Brize Norton

66X

BZN

111.9

Coltishall

112X

CSL

116.5

Coningsby

48X

CGY

111.1

Cottesmore

70X

CTM

112.3

Cranwell

121X

CWZ

117.4

Fairford

62X

FFA

111.5

Kinloss

35X

KSS

109.8

Lakenheath

39X

LKH

110.2

Leuchars

42X

LUK

110.5

Linton-on-Ouse

27X

LOO

109

Lyneham

35X

LYE

109.8

Mildenhall

106X

MLD

115.9

Newton Point

24X

NTP

108.7

Odiham

33X

ODH

109.6

St Athan

95X

SAT

114.8

St Mawgan

73X

SMG

112.6

Topcliff

84X

TOP

113.7

Vallafield

96X

VFD

114.9

Valley

21X

VYL

108.4

Waddington

118X

WAD

117.1

Warton

79X

WTN

113.2

Wattisham

27X

WTM

109

Yeovilton

47X

VLN

111


Contents:

Aircraft Overview     Instruments     Warning System     Starting Procedure     External Stores     Display Smoke     HSI and Nav Radios     Reference Info     FAQ    

Reference Information

For detailed instructions on how to fly this aircraft, see the Aircraft Information articles in the Learning Centre. For standard procedures, see the Checklists tab.

 

 

Empty Weight 7,936 lbs
Max Gross Weight 12,566 lbs  
Useful Load 8600 lbs +
Engine: Rolls Royce/Turbomeca Adour Mk 151 engine rated at 5,200 lbst

VFE -   Maximum Flaps Extended Speed 200 KIAS (flaps full down)
VLE -   Maximum Landing Gear Extension Speed 200 KIAS
VLO -  Maximum Gear Operating Speed 200 KIAS (extension), 200 KIAS (retraction)
VNO - Maximum Structural Cruising Speed 187 KIAS
VNE - Never Exceed Speed Mach 1.2 Dive (self limiting)
VS -    Stalling Speed Clean (@ MTOW) 135 KIAS
VSO - Stalling Speed Dirty (@ MTOW)  110 KIAS
VX - Best Angle-of-Climb Speed 286 KIAS
Cruise Climb speed - 230  KTS
Rotate Speed - 90 KIAS
Typical Cruise - 95% N2 M.0.86 at 32,000 feet
Ceiling - 48,000 feet
Max Speed @ SL - 572 KIAS
Normal Approach Speed - 124 KIAS
Best Glide Speed - 180 KIAS
Aerobatic Limits: +8g / -5g

 

 

 

Weight & Loading                Fuel
Maximum Takeoff Weight 12,556 lbs
Total Flight Simulator aircraft weight with Zero fuel   7,936 lbs
Max Available fuel 355 gal
(450 US Gallons) as shown by FSX 1613 litres

 

Weight &  Loading         Weapons  lbs to show
Pilot 1 station_name.0 200
Pilot 2 station_name.1 200
Pylon Left station_name.2 154
Pylon Right station_name.3 154
Aden Gun Pod station_name.4 360
Misc Equipment station_name.5 unused on T1
SNEB Left station_name.6 860
SNEB Right station_name.7 860
CBLS Left station_name.8 860
CBLS Right station_name.9 860
AIM-9L Left station_name.10 230
AIM-9L Right station_name.11 230
Acquisition Round Left station_name.12 200
Acquisition Round Right station_name.13 200
Red Arrows Dye station_name.14 250
Colour Meaning  
Red Fixed Load  
Green Required for Yellow or Blue  
Yellow Must have same weight opposite  
Blue Mixed loads allowed  
Grey Fuselage Load  
******Note****** ***only one load per pylon*** **is used!**


NOTE: To adjust fuel load, on the Aircraft menu, click Fuel and Load.

 

 

Recommended
Entry Speeds		 KIAS
Roll 300
Loop 300
Roll off the Top 350
Vertical Roll 400

 

 

Approach Stage RPM% Flaps Landing Gear Airspeed (kts)
Downwind 80 Up Up 230
Base Leg 80 - 83 Mid Down 160/150
Glidepath 80 - 83 Down Down 130/120 @300 ft AGL

+ 1 kt for every 100 kg of fuel remaining.

 

 

Buffet Onset &
Stalling Speeds		 RPM% Buffet Speed (IAS) Stall Speed (IAS)
Flap & Landing Gear Up Flt Idle 130 124
Mid Flap & Landing Gear Down 80 113 109
Full Flap & Landing Gear Down 80 105 102

 

Maximum Flap Placard speeds

 
Flaps Extension Speed KIAS

HALF

200

FULL 160


 

VREF - Landing Approach Speed geardown    
Flaps full, land approx 124kts 83% N2

Useful Throttle Settings RPM%
Taxy Setting 75% N2 (Wind and load dependant)
Reducing speed for gear deployment Flight Idle, Airbrake out
Full Flap & Landing Gear Down 83% N2 (trim elevator up to give approx -600 ft/Min)

NOTE: For explanations of speeds used on this tab, see "V-speeds" in the Learning Center Glossary.


Contents:

Aircraft Overview     Instruments     Warning System     Starting Procedure     External Stores     Display Smoke     HSI and Nav Radios     Reference Info     FAQ    

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Why do I get a Program Initialization Failure when I use the installer?

You must have .NET Framework Ver2 (or higher) installed on your PC.

(The current .Net Framework is available HERE)



Why will the Hawk not work at all on my PC?

The Hawk has been designed to take advantage of all the features of FSX and has been designed using high resolution texture sets.
If your PC is struggling, we will provide you with lower resolution textures which should make the Hawk less resource intensive.
Please contact SkySIM if you require a lower resolution model.



Why does FSX pause after 5 mins and the aircraft turn into a 'Block'?

This is a feature of the software protection package


1.   Windows Vista users need to turn 'User Access Controls' to OFF.
2.   You may not yet have entered your activation code.
3.   The aircraft may not have been properly installed using the Installer Software.



Why does FSX pause immediately I select the Hawk?

This is a feature of the software protection package


1.   The Hawk will fly for 5 mins without being activated.
If you've already flown another aircraft in the previous 5 mins then the Hawk will freeze.
You must exit FSX and restart if you want to fly the Hawk for a 5 minute trial.
2.   Even if you have an activated version of the Hawk, if you swap aircraft mid-way through a flight,
FSX does not always process the full activation sequence due to CPU loading.
Exit the flight and re-select the Hawk.



Why does the Hawk look like a 'Block' in the aircraft selection window?

This is a feature of the software protection package


The Panel.cfg file has been altered or the aircraft was not installed properly.
(You are not prevented from adding your own 2D panels if you wish)



Why do some switches and controls not operate when I click on them?

Some controls operate in response to the Scroll Wheel, others on Right-Click.



Why are the OXY and SKID lights illuminated on the CWP?

If the aircraft is started other than cold and dark then some systems may not be in their correct flying mode.
Turn on the Oxygen on the right hand console and turn on Anti-Skid on the left-hand console.



Why does the CWP alarm sometimes not sound when the lights illuminate but other times it sounds without the lights illuminating?

1.   To prevent the alarm sounding during the aircraft load, the sound is not initiated until the first press of the Attention Getters.
2.   Due to the limitations of the FSX software, not all faults have been fully modelled.



Why does the Bearing Needle not always point to the TACAN location?

1.   Due to the limitations of the FSX software not all TACAN beacons are modelled.
2.   Some TACAN Beacons have only been modelled with their DME information attached to them.



What is the difference between TACAN and VOR?

TACAN in general can be described as the military version of the VOR/DME system.
The bearing unit of TACAN is more accurate than a standard VOR.
The distance measurement component of TACAN operates with the same specifications as do civil DMEs.


 

 

 

Contents:

Aircraft Overview     Instruments     Warning System     Starting Procedure     External Stores     Display Smoke     HSI and Nav Radios     Reference Info     FAQ    

 
  • At SkySIM we are concentrating our efforts on Jet Heritage simulation and for our second aircraft we chose the magnificent Hawk.
  • We have worked hard to bring you the feeling of piloting this great piece of British aviation history.
  • Look out for our other titles in this series



© 2008 SkySIM.co.uk
All rights reserved.


The Red Arrows logo, the Royal Air Force logo and Eclat Crest are Crown Copyright ©
and appear under licence from the Secretary of State for Defence

 

Skysim would like to extend our thanks to the following people for their invaluable assistance in the course of this project

 

XML help and guidance from  : Dave Garwood,  Warwick Carter.

Dave Nunez for his superb FSDSxTweak program

Droppable FSX weapons help & guidance : Chris Sykes,  David Bryce

Red Arrows RAF Scampton : Red Arrows Adjutant: Warrant Officer John H May MBE BEM.

Research material : John Redmond

Beta testers : Ben Watson, Nick Churchill, George Davison, Ray Sheppard, Chris Hunt, Tony Meredith